帧中继多点子接口下配置OSPF 1、 实验目的 通过本实验可以掌握 A、 帧中继多点子接口的特征 B、 帧中继多点子接口的配置 C、 NBMA模式下OSPF的配置和调试 D、 手工配置OSPF邻居 E、 NBMA模式下的DR选举 2、 实验拓扑 3、 实验步骤 本实验分别在路由器R1、R3和R4尚创建多点子接口,拓扑结构采用Hub-and-Spoke结构,整个网络运行OSPF路由协议。 A. 配置路由器R1 R1(config)#int loopback0 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)#ip ospf networkpoint-to-point //修改OSPF网络类型 R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#int s1/0 R1(config-if)#no ip address //物理接口下不要配置IP地址 R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay //接口封装帧中继 R1(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp //关闭帧中继逆向ARP解析 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#int serial 1/0.1 multipoint //创建帧中继多点子接口 【技术要点】 “int serial slot-number/interface-number.subinterface-number{ multipoint|point-to-point }”命令用来创建帧中继子接口,其中: 1) slot-number/interface-number:物理接口的号; 2) subinterface-number:是自接口号,范围为1~4 294 967 293; 3) multipoint |point-to-point:属于必须选择的项,是子接口的类型,要么是多点类型,要么是点到点类型。 R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.134.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.134.3 103broadcast R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.134.4 104broadcast R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.134.1 103 R1(config-subif)#no frame-relay inverse-arp R1(config-subif)#exit R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.134.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.134.3 //手工指定OSPF邻居 R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.134.4 B. 配置路由器R3: R3#conf t Enterconfiguration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R3(config)#intlo0 R3(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#noshutdown R3(config-if)#ipospf network point-to-point R3(config-if)#exit R3(config)#ints1/1 R3(config-if)#noip address R3(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay R3(config-if)#noframe-relay inverse-arp R3(config-if)#noshutdown R3(config-if)#exit R3(config)#ints1/1.1 multipoint R3(config-subif)#ipaddress 192.168.134.3 255.255.255.0 R3(config-subif)#ipospf priority 0 //配置spoke端OSPF接口优先级为0,确保HUB端路由器R1成为DR R3(config-subif)#frame-relaymap ip 192.168.134.1 301 broadcast R3(config-subif)#frame-relaymap ip 192.168.134.4 301 broadcast R3(config-subif)#frame-relaymap ip 192.168.134.3 301 R3(config-subif)#noframe-relay inverse-arp R3(config-subif)#exit R3(config)#routerospf 1 R3(config-router)#router-id3.3.3.3 R3(config-router)#network192.168.134.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R3(config-router)#network192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 【提示】 可以使用“no interfaceSerial1/1.1”命令来删除子接口。然而需要重新启动路由器,该子接口才真正被删除。 C. 配置路由器R4: R4#conf t Enterconfiguration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R4(config)#intlo0 R4(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 R4(config-if)#ipospf network point-to-point R4(config-if)#noshutdown R4(config-if)#exit R4(config)#ints1/2 R4(config-if)#noip address R4(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay R4(config-if)#noframe-relay inverse-arp R4(config-if)#noshutdown R4(config-if)#exit R4(config)#ints1/2.1 multipoint R4(config-subif)#ipaddress 192.168.134.4 255.255.255.0 R4(config-subif)#ipospf priority 0 R4(config-subif)#frame-relaymap ip 192.168.134.1 401 broadcast R4(config-subif)#frame-relaymap ip 192.168.134.3 401 broadcast R4(config-subif)#frame-relaymap ip 192.168.134.4 401 R4(config-subif)#noframe-relay inverse-arp R4(config-subif)#exit R4(config)#routerospf 1 R4(config-router)#router-id4.4.4.4 R4(config-router)#network192.168.134.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R4(config-router)#network192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 D.帧中继交换机配置: R2#conf t Enterconfiguration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#frame-relayswitching R2(config)#ints1/0 R2(config-if)#clockrate 64000 R2(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay R2(config-if)#nosh R2(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-type cisco R2(config-if)#frame-relayintf-type dce R2(config-if)#frame-relayroute 103 interface s1/1 301 R2(config-if)#frame-relayroute 104 interface s1/2 401 R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#ints1/1 R2(config-if)#clockrate 64000 R2(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay R2(config-if)#noshutdown R2(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-type cisco R2(config-if)#frame-relayintf-type dce R2(config-if)#frame-relayroute 301 interface s1/0 103 R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#ints1/2 R2(config-if)#clockrate 64000 R2(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay R2(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-type cisco R2(config-if)#frame-relayintf-type dce R2(config-if)#frame-relayroute 401 interface s1/0 104 R2(config-if)# 【技术要点】 1) 在帧中继网络上,OSPF接口默认的网络类型为NON_BROADCAST。在这种模式下,OSPF不会在帧中继接口上发送Hello包,因此无法建立最基本的OSPF邻接关系。可以手工使用“neighbor”命令来指定邻居,这时Hello包以单播形式发送。 2) NBMA属于多路访问网络,所以要进行DR选举,由于Hello包只能传1跳,所以在Hub-and-Spoke结构中,必须控制处于“HUB”端的路由器成为DR,最保险的办法就是将“Spoke”端路由器OSPF接口优先级配置为0,使之不参与DR选举,“HUB”端的路由器自然就成为DR;否则,可能会导致路由学习不正常。 3) 在接口模式下,可以通过如下命令修改OSPF的网络类型: R3(config-if)#ip ospf network { broadcast | point-to-point| non_broadcast | point-to-multipoint } 4) 多点子接口不能解决接口水平分割的问题,只是节省了物理接口而已。 4、 实验调试 1) show frame-relay map R1#showframe-relay map Serial1/0.1(up): ip 192.168.134.1 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), static, CISCO, status defined, active Serial1/0.1(up): ip 192.168.134.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active Serial1/0.1(up): ip 192.168.134.4 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, active R1# 以上输出表明路由器R1使用多点子接口S1/0.1,该子接口下有3条帧中继静态映射。 2) show ip ospf interface R1#showip ospf interface Serial1/0.1is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 192.168.134.1/24, Area 0 Process ID 1, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network TypeNON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64 //接口网络类型为NBMA模式 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 //状态为DR,接口优先级为1 Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interfaceaddress 192.168.134.1 //DR的ID和接口地址 No backup designated router on this network //没有BDR Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5 //NBMA模式下,Hello间隔为30S,Dead保持时间为120S oob-resync timeout 120 Hello due in 00:00:10 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) Index 2/2, flood queue length 0 Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1 Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 4msec Neighbor Count is 2, Adjacent neighbor countis 2 //有2个OSPF邻居,都形成了邻接关系 Adjacent with neighbor 3.3.3.3 Adjacent with neighbor 4.4.4.4 //以上两行表明路由器R1与路由器R3和R4形成邻接关系 Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s) 3)show ip route R1#showip route ospf O 192.168.4.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.134.4,00:40:37, Serial1/0.1 O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.134.3,00:40:37, Serial1/0.1 R1# R3#showip route ospf O 192.168.4.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.134.4,00:41:32, Serial1/1.1 O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.134.1,00:41:32, Serial1/1.1 R3# R4#showip route ospf O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.134.1,00:42:10, Serial1/2.1 O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/65] via 192.168.134.3,00:42:10, Serial1/2.1 R4#
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