本帖最后由 Power 于 2013-6-6 21:15 编辑
OSPF建立邻居条件:
1.1 Hello/dead interverl
1.1.1 改变hello时间,dead时间会跟改变
1.1.2 改变dead时间,hello时间不会跟着变化
1.1.3 通过show ip ospf interface +接口查看hello/dead interver时间
ü 思考题:Hello时间不一样是否可以建立邻居关系? ü 答案:可以,因为hello时间不足1秒,都按1S来计算( CCIE RS v4.0 有一个知识点考到 )
TOP R1 S1/0 --------- S1/1 R2 R1 R1#sh run int s1/0 interface Serial1/0 ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip ospf network non-broadcast ip ospf dead-interval minimal hello-multiplier3 /---1s内发送3个hello包,hello时间为333ms---/ R1#ship os int s1/0 Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 12.1.1.1/24, Area 0 Process ID 12, Router ID 1.1.1.1, NetworkType NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priority1 Designated Router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interfaceaddress 12.1.1.2 Backup Designated router (ID) 1.1.1.1,Interface address 12.1.1.1 Timer intervals configured, Hello 333 msec,Dead 1, Wait 1, Retransmit 5 oob-resync timeout 40 Hello due in 305 msec Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) R1#ship ospf neighbor NeighborID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 2.2.2.2 1 FULL/DR 800 msec 12.1.1.2 Serial1/0 R2 R2#sh run int s1/0 interface Serial1/0 ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 ip ospf network non-broadcast ip ospf dead-interval minimal hello-multiplier 4 /--- 1s内发送4个hello包,hello时间为250ms---/ R2#sh ip ospf int s1/0 Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0 Process ID 12, Router ID 12.1.1.2, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 12.1.1.2, Interface address 12.1.1.2 Backup Designated router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 12.1.1.1 Timer intervals configured, Hello 250 msec, Dead 1, Wait 1, Retransmit 5 oob-resync timeout 40 Hello due in 42 msec Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) R2#sh ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 1.1.1.1 1 FULL/BDR 836 msec 12.1.1.1 Serial1/0 1.2 area-id1.3 OSPF认证(区域和接口)方式或密码不对 ü 0---------------- 无认证 ü 1---------------明文认证 ü 2---------------密文认证 1.4 区域类型1.5 其他注意点:1.5.1 子网掩码和网络的接口类型关系 只有P2P和P2MP子网掩码不同可以建立邻居关系 在多路访问网络中(broadcast网络环境中),需要选举DR/BDR,子网掩不同,不可以建立邻居关系,因为2类LSA要用子网掩码描述网络的范围。 1.5.2 接口上没有激活ospf 在network语句的时候没有匹配清楚,比如配置了错误的反掩码不对,在show ipospf interface的时候不会显示你希望激活的接口。使用show ip ospf interface来验证。此时OSPF邻居表是空的 1.5.3 物理层或者是数据链路层协议down 在串行口中DCE/DTE没有配置时钟,封装类型不一致 1.5.4 建立邻居的接口被passive掉 R1#show ip ospf interface s1/0 Serial1/0is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 12.1.1.1/24, Area 0 …… No Hellos (Passive interface) Wait time before Designated router**ion 00:01:45 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) 1.5.5 OSPF的hello组播地址被ACL Block,这时候的邻居关系是INIT1.5.6 认证方式或者是认证密码不匹配
OSPP邻居建立过程还是很有意思,如果格式方面有不对,大家自己调整一下:)
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