帧中继基本配置
帧中继基本配置1、实验目的通过本实验可以掌握：A. 帧中继的基本配置；B. 帧中继的动态映射；C. 帧中继的静态映射；D. 帧中继上RIP的配置；E. 接口水平分割的开启与关闭2、实验拓扑3、实验步骤R1：R1#conf tEnterconfiguration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R1(config)#ints1/0R1(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.134.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay //接口封装帧中继R1(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco //配置接口的LMI类型R1(config-if)#no shutdownR1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#int lo0R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0R1(config)#router rip R1(config-router)#version 2R1(config-router)#network 192.168.134.0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0【提示】如果采用的Cisco路由器的IOS是11.2及以后版本的，路由器可以自动协商LMI的类型，所以可以不配置。R3：R3#conf tEnterconfiguration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R3(config)#ints1/1R3(config-if)#ipaddress 192.168.134.3 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay R3(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco R3(config-if)#no shutdownR3(config-if)#exitR3(config)#int lo0R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shR3(config-if)#exitR3(config)#router rip R3(config-router)#version 2R3(config-router)#no auto-summary R3(config-router)#network 192.168.134.0R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0R4：R4#conf tEnter configuration commands, one perline.End with CNTL/Z.R4(config)#int s1/2 R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.134.4255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay R4(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-type cisco R4(config-if)#no shR4(config-if)#exitR4(config)#int lo0R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#no shR4(config-if)#exitR4(config)#router ripR4(config-router)#version 2R4(config-router)#network 192.168.134.0R4(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0R2：帧中继配置R2#conf tEnter configuration commands, one perline.End with CNTL/Z.R2(config)#frame-relay switching R2(config)#int s1/0R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000R2(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relay R2(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-type ciscoR2(config-if)#frame-relayintf-type dceR2(config-if)#frame-relayroute 103 interface s1/1 301R2(config-if)#frame-relayroute 104 interface s1/2 401R2(config-if)#no shR2(config-if)#exitR2(config)#int s1/1R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000R2(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR2(config-if)#frame-relayroute 301 interface s1/0 103R2(config-if)#frame-relayroute 304 interface s1/2 403R2(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-type ciscoR2(config-if)#frame-relayintf-type dceR2(config-if)#no shR2(config-if)#exitR2(config)#int s1/2R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000R2(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR2(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-type ciscoR2(config-if)#frame-relayintf-type dceR2(config-if)#frame-relayroute 401 interface s1/0 104R2(config-if)#frame-relayroute 403 interface s1/1 304R2(config-if)#no sh4、实验调试A、 show frame-relay map该命令用来查看帧中继的映射R1#show frame-relay map Serial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.134.3 dlci103(0x67,0x1870), dynamic, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1/0 (up): ip 192.168.134.4 dlci104(0x68,0x1880), dynamic, broadcast,, status defined, activeR1#R3#show frame-relay map Serial1/1 (up): ip 192.168.134.1 dlci301(0x12D,0x48D0), dynamic, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1/1 (up): ip 192.168.134.4 dlci304(0x130,0x4C00), dynamic, broadcast,, status defined, activeR3#R4#show frame-relay map Serial1/2 (up): ip 192.168.134.1 dlci401(0x191,0x6410), dynamic, broadcast,, status defined, activeSerial1/2 (up): ip 192.168.134.3 dlci403(0x193,0x6430), dynamic, broadcast,, status defined, activeR4#以上输出显示了帧中继逆向ARP的作用结果，表明路由器R1、R3和R4每个封装帧中继的接口都包含2条处于活动（active）状态的DLCI；每条记录都显示了远端的IP地址和本地的DLCI的映射关系；“broadcast”参数允许在PVC上传输广播货组播流量；“dynamic”表明是动态映射。【提示】以上实验我们注意到，每天路由器都不能ping通自己的串行口IP地址，但是可以ping通远端封装帧中继的串行口IP地址，因为自己的帧中继映射表中没有自己接口IP地址和DLCI的映射条目。采用逆向ARP做动态映射是解决不了该问题的，只有通过静态映射解决。B、 show frame-relay pvcR1#showframe-relay pvc PVC Statistics for interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE)//接口是帧中继的DTE Active Inactive Deleted StaticLocal 2 0 0 0Switched 0 0 0 0Unused 0 0 0 0//输出表明该接口有2条处于活跃状态的PVCDLCI = 103, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial1/0//DLCI为103的PVC处于活跃状态，本地接口是S1/0，DLCI用途是LOCALDLCI = 104, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial1/0【技术要点】PVC状态有如下3种，每种的含义如下所述： i. ACTIVE：表明PVC的状态是活跃的，表示成功的端对端（DTE到DTE）电路。 ii. INACTIVE：表明成功连接到交换机，但在PVC的另一端未检测到DTE。 iii. DELETED：表明为该DTE配置的DLCI被交换机视为对该接口无效，或PVC不存在。C、 show frame-relay lmiR1#showframe-relay lmi LMI Statistics for interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE) LMITYPE = CISCO//接口S1/0是帧中继的DTE，LMI类型为CiscoInvalid Unnumbered info 0 Invalid Prot Disc 0Invalid dummy Call Ref 0 Invalid Msg Type 0Invalid Status Message 0 Invalid Lock Shift 0Invalid Information ID 0 Invalid Report IE Len 0Invalid Report Request 0 Invalid Keep IE Len 0Num Status Enq. Sent325 Num Status msgs Rcvd 201//路由器向帧中继交换机发送的LMI状态查询消息的数量以及路由器从帧中继交换机收到到LMI状态信息的数量Num ** Status Rcvd 0 Num Status Timeouts 124Last Full Status Req 00:00:20 Last Full Status Rcvd 00:00:20R1#D、 show ip route ripR1#showip route rip R 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.134.4,00:00:08, Serial1/0R 192.168.3.0/24 via 192.168.134.4,00:00:08, Serial1/0 via 192.168.134.3,00:00:19, Serial1/0R1#R3#sh iproute ripR 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.134.4,00:00:24, Serial1/1 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:21, Serial1/1R 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.134.4,00:00:24, Serial1/1 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:21, Serial1/1R3#R4#sh iproute rip R 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:09, Serial1/2R 192.168.3.0/24 via 192.168.134.3,00:00:19, Serial1/2 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:09, Serial1/2R4#以上输出表明各路由器的RIP路由信息正确。在本实验中，帧中继交换机在路由器R2上采用了PVC全互联的拓扑结构，但是在实际应用中，为了节省费用，一般采用中心-分支（Hub-and-Spoke）的拓扑结构，即只有分支到中心的PVC，假如路由器R1是中心路由器，路由器R2和R3是分支路由器，在路由器R2的配置修改如下：R2(config)#int s1/1R2(config-if)#no frame-relay route 304R2(config)#int s1/2R2(config-if)#no frame-relay route 403此时再次查看路由表：R1#showip route rip R 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.134.4,00:00:22, Serial1/0R 192.168.3.0/24 via 192.168.134.4,00:00:22, Serial1/0 via 192.168.134.3,00:00:17, Serial1/0R1#R3#sh iproute rip R 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:22, Serial1/1R 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:22, Serial1/1R3#R4#sh iproute rip R 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:07, Serial1/2R 192.168.3.0/24 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:07, Serial1/2R4#E、配置帧中继静态映射R1(config)#int s1/0R1(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp //关闭逆向ARP，默认是开启的R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip192.168.134.3 103 broadcast//配置帧中继静态映射R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.134.4 104broadcast R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip192.168.134.1 104 broadcast//配置到自己接口的IP地址的映射，目的是允许ping路由器该接口的IP地址 R3(config)#int s1/1R3(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arpR3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.134.1 301 broadcast R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.134.3 301 broadcast R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.134.4 301broadcast R4(config)#int s1/2R4(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arpR4(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.134.1 401broadcast R4(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.134.3 401broadcast R4(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.134.4 401 broadcast i. Showframe-relay mapR1#showframe-relay map Serial1/0(up): ip 192.168.134.1 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1/0(up): ip 192.168.134.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1/0(up): ip 192.168.134.4 dlci 104(0x68,0x1880), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeR1#R3#showframe-relay map Serial1/1(up): ip 192.168.134.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1/1(up): ip 192.168.134.3 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1/1(up): ip 192.168.134.4 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeR3#R4#showframe-relay map Serial1/2(up): ip 192.168.134.1 dlci 401(0x191,0x6410), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1/2(up): ip 192.168.134.3 dlci 401(0x191,0x6410), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeSerial1/2(up): ip 192.168.134.4 dlci 401(0x191,0x6410), static, broadcast, CISCO, status defined, activeR4#以上输出表明路由器R1、R3和R4每个封装了帧中继的接口下都采用静态映射 ii. 查看路由表R1#sh iproute rip R 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.134.4,00:00:04, Serial1/0R 192.168.3.0/24 via 192.168.134.4,00:00:04, Serial1/0 via 192.168.134.3,00:00:03, Serial1/0R1#R3#sh iproute rip R 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:10, Serial1/1R 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:10, Serial1/1R3#R4#sh iproute rip R 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:22, Serial1/2R 192.168.3.0/24 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:22, Serial1/2R4#以上输出表明各路由器的RIP路由信息正确，但是与上面动态映射实验的路由表相比，路由器R3的路由表中路由器R4环回口网络和路由器R4的路由表中路由器R3环回口网络的下一跳发生了变化，都指向路由器R1。F、水平分割问题：R1#sh ipint s1/0Serial1/0is up, line protocol is upInternet address is 192.168.134.1/24Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255Address determined by setup commandMTU is 1500 bytesHelper address is not setDirected broadcast forwarding is disabledMulticast reserved groups joined: 224.0.0.9Outgoing access list is not setInbound access list is not setProxy ARP is enabledLocal Proxy ARP is disabledSecurity level is defaultSplit horizon isdisabled //接口封装了帧中继哦，水平分割被自动关闭。在R1上重新打开水平分割，在各路由器上检查路由表R1(config)#int s1/0R1(config-if)#ip split-horizon //开启水平分割R1#clear ip route * //清除路由表R1#sh iproute rip R 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.134.4,00:00:13, Serial1/0R 192.168.3.0/24 via 192.168.134.3,00:00:26, Serial1/0R1# //R1可以获得路由器R3和R4的环回口网络的路由R3#sh iproute rip R 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:10, Serial1/1R3# //路由器R3只能获得路由器R1的环回口网络的路由，这是由于路由器R1上水平分割开启后，路由器R1从路由器R4接收到路由器R4通告的路由后，受水平分割限制，不能从封装帧中继的接口发送出来，导致路由器R3没有接收到路由器R4上通告的路由。R4#sh iproute rip R 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.134.1,00:00:09, Serial1/2R4#//同理，路由器R4也只能获得路由器R1的环回口网络的路由。顶
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